Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria (Italian: Carlo Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Filippo Jacopo Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero; German: Karl Salvator Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Philipp Jakob Januarius Ludwig Gonzaga Rainer; 30 April 1839 in Florence – 18 January 1892 in Vienna), was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg.

He was an Austrian Archduke, a son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and second wife Marie Antoinette of Tuscany.

He was a Feldmarschall-Leutnant of the Imperial (k.u.k.)

[1][2] He worked with Count George von Dormus as inventor of early self-loading small arms including the Salvator Dormus pistol and the Salvator-Dormus M1893 heavy machine gun.

[3] He married in Rome on 19 September 1861 his first cousin Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Naples, 14 April 1844 – Vienna, 18 February 1899), daughter of his maternal uncle Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, and second wife Maria Theresa of Austria.