At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, six archery events were contested, of which three were men's and three were women's competitions.

As was common in early Olympic archery, the events held in 1904 had little resemblance to the previous edition's events (as early Olympic archery was not standardized).

The events were formally named the 26th Grand Annual Target Meeting of the National Archery Association.

[2] The medalists were the same for both men's individual events (George Bryant taking gold, Robert Williams silver, and William Thompson bronze in both) and both women's individual events (Matilda Howell gold, Emma Cooke silver, Eliza Pollock bronze).

[1][3] Howell, an early pioneer of women's archery, finished with three gold medals as she was a member of the only women's team to appear in the records.