The team currently plays in Primera B, the third division of the Argentine football league system.

The club was founded on 1 December 1899 by a group of students of Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, as a reaction against British hegemony in Quilmes Atlético Club, which did not permit Argentine natives to play.

Unlike Quilmes AC, which honored visiting players with the traditional tea, the recently founded club Argentino de Quilmes offered "mate", a traditional infusion drink very popular in Argentina.

In 1902 Argentino affiliated to Argentine Football Association and began participating in the domestic championships, making its debut in Primera División in 1912.

Nevertheless, during the 1939 season Argentino made its worst campaign ever, obtaining only 4 points over 34 matches played and finishing in the last position.