The main agricultural crops in this region are pomegranates, grapes, plums, and Cannabis sativa.

Through the ridges that overlook Kandahar City to the north, the valley was the only viable northern route for commerce or invaders.

In 2007, the Alkozay tribe ruled Arghandab, led by the mujahideen commander, Mullah Naqib.

On 16 November 2009, Taliban attackers raided a police station, killing eight officers and wounding three.

[7] On December 24, 2020, Afghan forces recaptured the entirety of the district, killing 37 insurgents in the process.