[1] He claimed to have direct contact with the heavens and was believed by his followers to be the reincarnation of Jesus, the Buddha, Shiva, and the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

[3] Ayah Pin was born as Ariffin Mohammed on 22 June 1941 into a Muslim Malay family in Beris Kubor Besar, Bachok, Kelantan.

Whether Ayah Pin was the founder is unclear, but during this phase, he may have been a follower of Hassan Yaacob (also known as Anak Rimau), apparently another claimant to divinity.

Around this time, four adherents were arrested for renouncing Islam, but they were later freed on grounds that as ex-Muslims, Malaysia's Sharia court no longer enjoys jurisdiction over them.

[2] The Sharia court accused him of contravening Section 25 of the Enakmen Pentadbiran Hal Ehwal Agama Islam, 1986 (Administration of Islamic Religious Affairs, 1986), stating that his teachings and beliefs were false, deviant, corrupting, and threatening to public peace (membawa ancaman kepada ketenteraman orang awam serta merosakkan akidah).

[8] On 18 July 2005, a group of masked vigilantes vandalised the Sky Kingdom's headquarters, smashing windows and torching buildings.

On 1 September 2005, at a hearing, a trial date for 45 followers accused of violating the government fatwa was set for three days beginning 18 December that year.

The group had previously experienced great difficulty in attracting legal representation, presumably owing to attorneys' fear of reprisals or negative publicity.

[12] As of 2007, after wide media coverage, the original Hulu Besut commune, now down to 24 members, had reportedly chosen a new leader, who turned out to be a former police chief inspector in his 30s.

On 22 April 2016, Ayah Pin died at the home of his third wife, Che Jaharah Awang, in Kampung Batu 13, Hulu Besut due to natural causes.