Arimagawa Station is served by the Echigo Tokimeki Railway Nihonkai Hisui Line, and is 49.3 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Ichiburi and 343.8 kilometers from Maibara Station.

The station consists of two opposed ground-level side platforms, connected by a level crossing.

With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

From 14 March 2015, with the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to Kanazawa, local passenger operations over sections of the Shinetsu Main Line and Hokuriku Main Line running roughly parallel to the new shinkansen line were reassigned to third-sector railway operating companies.

[1] From this date, Arimagawa Station was transferred to the ownership of the third-sector operating company Echigo Tokimeki Railway.