Low and swampy, early Arkansas attracted few settlers, and many of those who did come were itinerant French hunters and trappers who were hardly temperamentally fit for the militia, which required a fairly settled population.

[2] In October 1804, the governor and judges of Indiana Territory met as a legislative body to begin the process of formulating laws for the huge District of Louisiana.

[4] The act laid out the number of officers required for each company, battalion and regiment and required privates and officers to arm themselves "with a good musket, a sufficient bayonet and belt, or a fuse, two spare flints, a knapsack, and a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges, ... knapsack, pouch, and powder horn, with twenty balls suited to the bore of his rifle, and a quarter of a pound of powder".

[25] The British provided arms to their Indian allies to conduct attacks on American settlers in Missouri and the Northwest territories for several years prior to the commencement of the war.

Major Vaugine remained in command and the following officers were announced:[32] The history of constant British agitation and conflict with the Indian nations lead territorial delegates to the U.S. Congress to urge for the creation of Ranger Companies to assist with patrolling and construction of forts along the Missouri Frontier.

[34] The petition claimed that the militia men were called into service in May, 1813 and that they had served for three months in Ranger Companies organized by Captains Daniel M. Boone, David Musick and Andrew Ramsay.

"[37][38] Among the claimants who signed a petition requesting his pay was Edmund Hogan,[39] who was a resident of what would become Pulaski County and who would eventually be appointed as the Brigadier General of the Arkansas Territorial Militia.

The young commander proceeded to take the entire battery, an accomplishment which won for him a promotion to brigadier general as well as a special gold medal from a grateful Congress.

[63] Governor Miller realized that the new Arkansas Militia would need arms, therefore, immediately upon his appointment he went to Washington, D. C. where he received an order of the Army Ordnance Department for weapons.

War Department frequently complained of receiving insufficient reports from Arkansas as its adjutants general apparently had difficulty obtaining cooperation from the commanders in the field.

[75] On March 10, 1820, while the Senate was in the process of rejecting the nomination of William O. Allen as Brigadier General of the Arkansas Territorial Militia, he was mortally wounded in a duel with Robert C. Oden, a leading Little Rock lawyer.

[89] On December 18, 1818, Fedrick Bates, Secretary and Acting Governor of Missouri appointed Hogan as Justice of the Peace for several townships in the newly created Pulaski County.

He was reputed in the earlier days of the territory to be one of its richest men, but due to numerous lawsuits arising from land transactions, he lost a large amount of his wealth.

The result of one of these lawsuits may have led to Acting Governor Crittenden writing to Secretary of War Calhoun on January 30, 1823, regarding the procedures for ordering the arrest of Brigadier General Hogan.

Goodspeed's reported that when an excavation was made in 1885 for improvements to the Old State House, three or four graves were found, containing the remains of Gen. Hogan, his wife Frances, and possibly their children Nancy and James.

To assist in organizing the forces, Izard appointed two aides, Lieutenants Colonel Henry W. Conway and Ambrose H. Sevier, two of the most powerful political leaders in the Territory.

[108] Izard found that the state militia had few arms, and he immediately wrote to the War Department for weapons and ammunition to supplement "some boxes of both deposited in a Merchant's Warehouse" in Little Rock.

Noting that Arkansas lay directly in the path to be used in the removal of the Eastern Indians, the governor spoke frequently of the need "to place the Militia in a condition to afford immediate protection to our settlements, should any disorder attend the passage of those people.

Colonel Nicks led a busy life at Fort Gibson in discharging the duties of sutler and representing eastern Oklahoma in the Arkansas Legislature.

[123] The county militia regiments were assigned to brigades in the following fashion:[120] 1st Brigade Arkansas Militia William B. Woody Washington Charles H. Pelham Feb 5, 1830 Crawford F. N. Clark Pope Thomas White Stephen Lewis September 9, 1830 Conway Christian Brumbach Pulaski William Baily Jefferson J. Cox February 9, 1830 Hot Spring Jacob Wells Clark Thomas Franklin Jacob Pennington January 16, 1832 Union William McDonald Hempstead James Conway Lafayette John Clark Sevier John Goodloe Warren Pierson Miller 2nd Brigade Arkansas Militia William Jarrett Lawrence Thomas Culp Izard Alfred G. W. Davis John Saylor November 11, 1830 Jackson Mark W. J. Zando St. Francis Mathew Spurlock Elijah F. Floyd August 26, 1832 Crittenden James Martin Phillips Christopher H. Price Monroe Louis Bobby William H. Dye June 6, 1830 Arkansas Andrew Carson Horace F. Woldworth February 8, 1830 Chicot When Arkansas became a territory in 1819 there were several thousand Indians living in the area.

"[131] Major John Goodloe Warren Pierson, commander of the Miller County militia, asked the governor for permission to call out his company to move against the Indians.

The governor, instead, sent Adjutant General Rector to investigate and if necessary "to remove immediately [the Indians], and should they disobey or resist your authority you will call out such a party of the militia as you may consider adequate to compel obedience".

He came to the United States as a French marine with the fleet commanded by Count de Grasse, and was wounded at Yorktown in attacking and carrying one of the British redoubts on the evening of October 14, 1781.

Being honorably discharged he returned to France, but in after years came back to the United States and in time found a home in Arkansas near the plantation of Monsieur A. Barraque in Richland township.

In 1828, for example, when the Miller County militia was called out to remove the Shawnees from Pecan Point, Mexican officials reminded the Arkansans that the area was claimed by Mexico.

[140] On February 20, 1830, Colonel John Clark, Commandant of the Counties of Miller and Sevier Militia, wrote to Acting Governor William S. Fulton regarding the situation on the south western frontier of the territory.

[142] On April 19, 1830, Acting Territorial Governor Fulton wrote to the Secretary of War to report that he had authorized Colonel John Clark: to order into service, four persons ..., to act as spies, for the purpose of communicating the earliest information possible, of the approach of Indians upon our settlements in an hostile and threatening attitude ... As it will be impossible to afford timely aid to the inhabitants upon the frontier, in defending themselves against Hostile Indian incur- sions, it is hoped the Citizen soldiers of Miller and Sevier Counties, will make immediate preparations, and hold themselves in constant readiness, promptly to meet and defend themselves against any attack, which may be made upon their settlements.

[144] As a precautionary measure Pope had ordered regimental musters of the territorial militia "& warned our citizens ... against taking title or protection" from the Mexican government.

The Arkansas Gazette reported October 13, 1830, that Pope had recently made a two weeks excursion to the southern countries and reviewed the militia "at some of the Regimental Musters."

The muster might begin with the firing of a volley, as was the case in 1837 when Captain Albert Pike's artillery company put on quite a show for the residents of Arkansas' capital city.