The county board is responsible for preparing the Armagh GAA teams in the various sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

Despite early success at provincial level, national success at junior and minor level and All-Ireland final appearances in 1953 and 1977, it took until 2002, under manager Joe Kernan, for the Armagh county team to win a first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title.

Armagh won the final to secure the Sam Maguire Cup for the second time, beating Galway 1-11 to 0-13.

Armagh won the 2010 Nicky Rackard Cup, defeating London by a scoreline of 3–15 to 3–14 at Croke Park on 3 July.

Armagh won the 2012 Nicky Rackard Cup, its second time to lift the trophy, defeating Louth by a scoreline of 3–20 to 1–15 at Croke Park on 9 June.

Armagh won Division 2 of the National Camogie League four times, 1980, 1988, 1993 and 1994, and the Nancy Murray Cup in 2006.

[9][10] Keady Lámh Dhearg and St Brenda's Ballymacnab have won divisional honours at Féile na nGael.