After military successes in the wars 1876–1878 during which the Principality of Montenegro was enlarged by a large territory, from the Tara River in the north to the Adriatic Sea in the south (liberated towns Podgorica, Nikšić, Kolašin, Andrijevica, Bar and Ulcinj), reorganization in Montenegrin army was conducted in 1880.

Supreme Commander of the Montenegrin army was the monarch, Prince / King Nikola I.

Operational command, organization and financial support of the Montenegrin army was entrusted to the Ministry of Defence, the department of the Government of the Principality / Kingdom of Montenegro.

In September 1895, the first permanent Infantry NCO school in Podgorica was opened, and the first NCOs got desečar rank.

Infantry and artillery, were established, followed by two specialized branches (reconnaissance and pioneering), and additional branches (medics, military workshop, the military court staff, gendarmerie and logistics).

Since the establishment of the internal Montenegrin telecommunications system in 1869, vital for the flow of military-defence information, it was under the jurisdiction of Ministry of the military.

The Commander-in-Chief was King Nikola I of Montenegro, while the General of Staff was Božidar Janković.

Units included: The Pljevlja Division was commanded by Brigadier Luka Gojnić.

Montenegro participates in peace operations under the NATO and UN auspices as military troops and observers.

[6][7] Montenegro also participates in UN peacekeeping missions in Liberia, UNMIL, Cyprus, UNFICYP as military observers and Somalia, EU-NAVFOR.

[8] - 55 vehicles are equipped with Elbit Systems RCWS (Remote Controlled Weapon Station) with a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun - 4 vehicles are equipped with Rafael Samson RCWS armed with M230LF 30 mm lightweight automatic chain gun, - 4 vehicles are equipped with missile launchers for Spike LR HEAT and Spike SR missiles - 4 vehicles are command and reconnaissance vehicle - In May 2023 Montenegrin MoD signed a 22 million USD contract with Elbit Systems for a purchase of an unspecified number of 120 mm SPEAR Mk2 mortar systems to be mounted on JLTVs.