Armenia and Iran are both neighbouring countries in Western Asia and share a common land border that is 44 kilometres (27 mi) in length.

The two nations share their history and culture to a large extent due to their directly interactive relationship going back for thousands of years, starting with the ancient Median Empire.

[1] In the present-day, there are no territorial disputes between the two countries and the Armenian minority in Iran, amongst the largest and oldest communities in the world,[2] enjoys official recognition by the Iranian state.

Of special importance is the bilateral cooperation in the field of energy security, which lowers Armenia's dependence on Russia and may also open up a route for Iran to supply oil and natural gas to Europe through Georgia and the Black Sea in the absence of international sanctions.

Stepan Safarian of the Armenian Center for National and International Studies has commented on the Armenia–Iran relationship, stating: "Given this geopolitical environment, Armenia has the legitimate right to cooperate with Iran for ensuring its security...

On the Behistun inscription of 515 BC, Darius the Great indirectly confirmed that Urartu and Armenia are synonymous when describing his conquests.

[9][10] The Tehran Communiqué was signed by Mammadov, Ter-Petrosian, and Rafsanjani following the agreement of the parties to international legal norms, stability of borders and to deal with the refugee crisis.

[15] Especially important is the cooperation in the field of energy security, as the pipeline that brings Iranian natural gas into Armenia has been completed many years ago.

which include the construction of two hydro-electric plants on the Arax River that marks the Armenian-Iranian border, and a third high-voltage transmission line linking their power grids and dams.

[citation needed] In July 2007, a memorandum was signed on the start of feasibility studies on the ideas of building an Armenian-Iranian railway and a Russian-owned oil refinery that would process Iranian crude.

[16] Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has been quoted as saying "The Islamic Republic of Iran welcomes and supports the development of ties with Armenia in various areas, particularly in energy as well as transportation, sports, and tourism."

In January 2023, Armenian Deputy Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructures Hakob Vardanyan stated that he expected the project to be complete by yearend.

[22] Accordingly, sectors such as the mining industry, foodstuff, and home appliances are in the main focus that provide ways for the two countries to establish mutual cooperation.

[23] The number of Iranian tourists visiting Armenia had been steadily on the rise for years, and the two nations have already unveiled plans to sign a memorandum on cooperation in the field of tourism.

"[25] In recent years, Iran's cultural attaché to Armenia, Reza Atufi, has announced that the two countries have reached a preliminary agreement to make a joint television series.

He said that the joint venture would portray the social and cultural life of Iran and Armenia and expand cinematic ties between the two countries.