The creation date of the Army of the Tsardom of Russia is ambiguous due to the fact that there was no formal establishment date, and the development of the unified army structure occurred concurrently with the centralization of the Russian state,[citation needed] which grew in territory[citation needed] and was based on the increasing political power of Principality of Muscovy.

If relating to the narrow sense to the definition of Tsardom of Russia, it is the official assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547.

This is due to the Mongol invasion, which led to a regression in the economy and, as a result, the armed organization of Rus' - primarily due to the repeated devastation of cities during the second half of the 13th century - the trade and craft centers of North-Eastern Russia, as well as the establishment from 1259 years of the Mongol Empire (then the Golden Horde) control over the Volga trade route connecting Central Asia with Northern Europe.

In particular, foot arrows as a kind of weapon (arms), traced in Rus' since the end of the 12th century, cease to be mentioned after 1242, and the importance of the bow in horse squads increases again.

[citation needed] Until the middle of the 15th century, Russian state's armed forces were decentralized and could be assembled as an improvised peasant's militia.

The founding event which changed the balance of power and made Grand Prince Vasily II to have near-monopoly over armed forces was the civil war of 1425–1453.

[2] In according with the social composition and the fact that there was no general mandatory conscription, the majority of the Tsardom army were dvoryaniye and junior bojary (deti boyarskie).

These regiments had almost all the features of a regular army, they were divided into companies, the order of appointment to officer positions was determined in them, drill and tactical exercises were carried out with the personnel.

[5] While it was not an army in the modern sense of the word, there was a clear division to various military units, according to a description of the Russian army, given by Cosimo Medici in Florence in 1656: In 1522 Vasily III made further centralization of the command system when he turned Kolomna into his headquarters for spring and autumn operations to the banks of the Oka river, between Kolomna and Kaluga which stretched for 250kkm.

After the 13 Years War, all but the Secret Chancellery (prikaz velikogo gosudaria tainykh del) were subordinated to the Razriad command.

More common, since the XIV century, were spears with narrow-leaved tips with an elongated triangular feather on a massive, sometimes faceted sleeve.

In 1475, Aristotle Fioravanti came to Moscow and helped organize a large cannon foundry, which was later attended by Greek, Italian, German, Scottish and other craftsmen.

With the transition to standard casting, a system of calibers was developed, the total number of which in the 16th - early 17th centuries reached 30, and 70 to 100 types of guns.

[11] The Army of the Tsardom of Russia had a large number of artillery pieces, placed among others in Staraya Ladoga, Ivangorod, Oreshek, Solovetsky Islands, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Tavan', Pustozero.

[12] If the main armor of Russian warriors was usually chain mail, then by the 13th century it would be significantly replaced by a lamellar protection system.

And fourthly, the appearance of early mirrors, which were a round metal plaque worn over armor, is attributed to the end of the 13th century.

It is known that the armor of Dmitry Donskoy, who took part in the Battle of Kulikovo, was lamellar, since “he was beaten and the ulcer was severe”, but it is impossible to identify him; according to the annals, the prince fought along with ordinary soldiers.

The use of protective clothing, tegilyaev, which was used in the 16th century by poor people, or in combination with metal armor, by the rich, is associated with Asian influence.

In the 17th century, which is associated with the organization of regiments of the new system for the Russian-Polish war, armor began to be used, consisting of a cuirass with a plate skirt (floors), and sometimes necklaces.

[citation needed] The development of the Army in the Tsardom of Russia occurred along with the major expansion of the country's borders which made it vulnerable to attacks.

The creation of fortresses along the southern borders of Russia, known as the Great Zasechnaya cherta, cordoned off the steppes from nomadic attacks.

[6] The official who was in charge of the supplies to a fortress was the gorodovoy prikazchik (can be translated as city commandant) and he was subordinated to the grand prince and then Tsar.

[citation needed] The 16th century was a period of major changes and development, including the introduction of a new style of forces the gunpowder, in the armies in Europe, a concept known as the Military Revolution.