Art Gagné started out his career in the Ottawa City Hockey League in his native hometown, where he played for various teams between 1914 and 1917.

Gagné joined the Edmonton Eskimos of the Albertan Big-4 League in 1920–21, where he had a productive partnership with centre forward Gordon "Duke" Keats, also when the team moved along to the Western Canada Hockey League.

In 1926, he moved to the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League.

He also played with the Regina Capitals, Boston Bruins, Ottawa Senators, and Detroit Falcons.

Gagné scored 100 points in his 228-game NHL career.