Artedidraco is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes.

Artedidraco was first described as a genus in 1905 by the Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg when he created the genus for Artedidraco mirus, a new species of fish from South Georgia he was describing following the collection of its types by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition.

[2][1] The generic name is a compound of Artedi, honouring the Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi who was known as the "father of ichthyology", and who was born 200 years before Lönnberg described A. mirus with draco, from dracœna meaning "dragon" an ancient Greek name for the weeverfish genus Trachinus , although this may be a reference to the relationship Lönnberg mentioned to Draconetta which was thought to be a member of the Nototheniidae at that time.

Their heads have a width which is roughly the same as their depth and the post temporal ridges are weakly developed.

[4] Artedidraco is found in the coastal waters of the Antarctic continent with one species, A. mirus occurring as far north as South Georgia.