[1] His father was called Rhys and his mother was probably Ceingar ferch Maredudd ap Tewdws of Dyfed.
His wife was Brawstudd ferch Gloud ap Pasgen Buellt.
[2] Two late ninth century brothers had a father called Arthfael.
[3] The names and locations suggest that the kings of Glywsing and Gwent were descended from Arthfael ap Rhys.
[5] The three scholars appear to be discussing the same Arthfael, and the explanation for the discrepancies in dates is unclear.