Arthur Acheson, 1st Earl of Gosford PC (c. 1744-5 – 14 January 1807), known as The Viscount Gosford between 1790 and 1806, was an Irish peer of Scottish descent and politician.

He was the eldest son of Archibald Acheson, 1st Viscount Gosford and his wife, the former Mary Richardson.

[5] He served as governor of County Armagh at the time of the Armagh disturbances of 1795 and denounced the Protestant extremists: It is no secret that a persecution is now raging in this country… the only crime is… profession of the Roman Catholic faith.

Lawless banditti have constituted themselves judges... and the sentence they have denounced... is nothing less than a confiscation of all property, and an immediate banishment.

He was subsequently created Earl of Gosford in February 1806.