[2] Raised in Bondoufle in the department of Essonne next to the capital Paris in the region Île-de-France, Arthur Fils started playing tennis at the age of 5 with his father Jean-Philippe,[3][4] originally from the French West Indies.

[5] In the junior category, Arthur Fils won the Orange Bowl in 2020, becoming the tenth French player to win this prestigious tournament, equivalent to a world championship.

308 at the 2022 Rolex Paris Masters on his ATP debut, he became the youngest French qualifier, at 18 years, 4 months and 18 days, to enter the main draw of a Masters 1000 tournament with a win against former top-10 player Fabio Fognini since Gaël Monfils in 2004, the year of his birth.

He won his maiden Challenger title at the 2023 Oeiras Indoors II and moved close to 60 positions up into the top-200 at No.

163, he received a wildcard entry into the 2023 Open Sud de France and recorded his first match win on the ATP Tour by defeating former world no.

[12][13] He defeated another countryman, Quentin Halys, becoming the youngest Frenchman since Gasquet to reach an ATP semifinal in Metz in 2004.

[22][23] He won his maiden title defeating fourth seed Francisco Cerúndolo becoming the youngest champion in the tournament history.

[25][26] In his French Open debut, his first-ever appearance in a Major tournament, he was defeated in the first round by Alejandro Davidovich Fokina.

He was awarded a wildcard for his main draw debut at the 2023 Wimbledon Championships losing again in the first round to Alejandro Davidovich Fokina.

[27] Fils reached his first ATP500 semifinal at the Hamburg European Open, defeating top seed Casper Ruud in the quarter final, his first win against a Top-5 player, before losing to the other eventual winner Alexander Zverev, in the semi-finals.

[29] At the US Open, Fils earned his first Major win, defeating 24th seed Tallon Griekspoor in the first round.

44 at the 2023 Rolex Shanghai Masters, on his debut at this tournament, he defeated Alejandro Davidovich Fokina in the second round.

[35] At the Monte-Carlo Masters, he made history by becoming the youngest Frenchman since Richard Gasquet in 2005, to win a match when he defeated German Yannick Hanfmann 6-0, 6-2 in the first round.

[36] At the Barcelona Open he reached the quarterfinals defeating another German Daniel Altmaier, and upsetting fourth seed Alex de Minaur in straight sets.

[42] By virtue of his first fourth round showing at a major, Fils would move up to a new career high ranking of No.

[56] At the 2025 Australian Open he reached the third round for the first time at the tournament where he lost to 14th seed and compatriot Ugo Humbert.