Arthur Mills (20 February 1816 – 12 October 1898) was a British Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).

His travels to the 19th century British colonies and his studies of their finances and systems of governance made him an expert in the field.

Arthur Mills married Lady Agnes Lucy Dyke Acland, daughter of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 10th Baronet of Killerton, Devon, and Lydia Elizabeth Hoare on 3 August 1848.

[1] Two of his publications, India in 1858 (1858)[7] and Systematic Colonization (1847)[8] are still in print, the former still being the definitive work on the costs and conditions of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

However, his policy of systematic colonization was primarily intended to benefit white British settlers; he stated that "the extermination of native races by force or fraud may be a necessary precedent condition of the civilization of the countries they inhabit".