Artois (/ɑːrˈtwɑː/ ar-TWAH, French: [aʁtwɑ]; Dutch: Artesië; Picard: Artoé; English adjective: Artesian) is a region of northern France.

At the death of the fourth duke, Charles the Bold, Artois was inherited by the Habsburgs and passed to the dynasty's Spanish line.

After the Union of Atrecht, Artois and Hainaut (Dutch: Henegouwen) reached a separate agreement with Philip II.

Artois experienced rapid industrial development during the second half of the 19th century, fueled by its rich coal resources.

During World War I, the front line between the opposing Central Powers and Allied armies in France ran through the province, resulting in enormous physical damage.