The Asansol–Patna section is a railway line connecting Asansol in the Indian state of West Bengal and Patna in Bihar.

The 331 km (206 mi) line passes through the fringe areas of West Bengal, a portion of Santhal Parganas in Jharkhand and the Gangetic Plain in Bihar.

The first rail track between Howrah and Delhi was via what was later named as Sahibganj loop and the first through train on the route was run in 1864.

A "shorter main line" connecting Raniganj and Kiul Junction was in position in 1871 and the opening of the Grand Chord in 1907 shortened the distance from Howrah to Delhi even further.

Initially started for manufacturing steam locomotives, it went into production on 26 January 1950, the day when India became a republic.