[3] The eggs of these nematodes are characterized by a thick shell, smooth and ellipsoidal, and composed of three distinct layers.

All three species exhibit a direct lifecycle involving the release of eggs into the soil and the subsequent reingestion of them in food.

Symptoms of heavy infection include anorexia, diarrhea, stunted growth, listlessness, a change in behavior, and enteritis.

Ascarid eggs are resistant to desiccation, persist for a long time in the environment, and remain directly infective.

Therefore, control of infection involves the prevention of contamination of feeders and drinkers with feces (by raising them off the ground), pasture rotation, and regular dosing with the above-mentioned treatments, especially in young birds.