The name 'Ascott' is derived from the Old English ēast (east) and cot (cottage), whilst d’Oyley was appended because Wido de Oileo 'held the place in the late eleventh century.

Ascott d’Oyley is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as having 14 households and a mill, under the lordship of Roger d'Oilly, and tenanted by Robert d’Oilly, whose family gives the village its name.

[2] An earthmound marks the remains of Ascott d’Oyley Castle.

Today the village consists of stone-built houses and cottages grouped around the High Street and Mill Lane.

Ascott d'Oyley is served by Windrush Valley School and Ascott-under-Wychwood railway station.