Ashesh Prosad Mitra FNA, FASc, FRS (21 February 1927 – 3 September 2007) was a physicist who headed the National Physics Laboratory in Delhi, India, and was the director general of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

He completed his post graduation studies from the renowned Rajabazar Science College campus of same university.

He performed major work in the field of earth's near-space environment, through group based and space techniques.

Dr Mitra’s work on ion and neutral chemistry in the upper atmosphere, especially on the minor constituent nitric oxide, provided the basis for much of our present knowledge about the lower ionosphere.

[citation needed]Ashesh Prosad Mitra had two daughters with his wife, Sunanda, whom he married on 12 August 1956.