Until 2020, Atenas hosted some high attendance games at the Orfeo Superdomo.

Before the creation of the Liga Nacional de Básquet (first Argentine nationwide professional league), Atenas was successful at the Cordobese basketball league, winning the championship consecutively between 1948 and 1957 (exception made of 1953).

Since the creation of the Liga Nacional in 1984, Atenas has become the most successful team in the league, winning the championship 9 times: 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991–92, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2001–02, 2002–03 and 2008–09.

Many Argentine internationals have played in Atenas, namely Fabricio Oberto,[4] Walter Herrmann, Marcelo Milanesio, Héctor Campana, Patricio Prato, Gabriel Mikulas, Diego Lo Grippo, Fernando Prato, Bruno Lábaque, Leonardo Gutiérrez, Juan Manuel Locatelli, Diego Osella, Carlos Cerutti and Juan Espil, among others.

In May 2023, Atenas was relegated to La Liga Argentina, the second division of Argentine basketball, for the first time in their history.