A regular police force was initiated in Assam by the British after the Treaty of Yandaboo to maintain the law and order.

The armed constabulary do not usually come into contact with the general public unless they are assigned to VIP duty, counter-insurgency operations, riot control or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters.

They may also be sent to quell outbreaks of student or labour unrest, organised crime, to maintain guard posts and to participate in anti-terrorist operations.

Assam Police also have an elite commando group known as the "Black Panthers" equipped with modern weapons and technology for anti-terrorist operations and VVIP protection.

With the growth and development of the police administration in the post-colonial era, a number of new branches were established to meet the increasing demands of law and order.

Indian Reserve Battalion (IRBN) The raising of CPMF can only meet the regular and increasing demand of the state.

All the equipment for the Assam Police are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories, Ministry of Defence, Government of India.

Corruption of the organization is at peak with people fearing to go to the police against a crime as they need to pay money to file an FIR or take actions.

[23] On 21 December a Public Interest Litigation petition has been filed by Arif Jwadder before the Gauhati High Court demanding independent investigation over the fake encounters killings.