Assam played their first first-class match in the 1948–49 Ranji Trophy, captained by Rupert Kettle, who also scored their first century two seasons later.

They had their first victory in the 1951–52 Ranji Trophy, when they beat Orissa by 103 runs; the captain, Peter Bullock, top-scored in each innings with 31 and 148, and took 7 for 70 and 3 for 29.

[1] Until the 2002–03 season, when the zonal system was abandoned, Assam formed part of East Zone, and never progressed further than the pre-quarter-finals.

In the 2012–13 Vijay Hazare Trophy Assam played extremely well and finished runners-up.

[4] In September 2017, former Indian batsman Lalchand Rajput was named as head coach of Assam cricket team for two Ranji Trophy seasons.