The station opened as Chambre des députés on 5 November 1910 as part of the original section of the Nord-Sud Company's line A between Porte de Versailles and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette.

On 1 July 1989, the station was renamed Assemblée nationale, as it is still known today, to be more consistent with the official name of the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic.

In 1990, the French artist Jean-Charles Blais decorated the platform with posters, made up of a series of large black silhouette heads on a colourful background.

It features several themes that provide a contemporary vision of the National Assembly, depicting them through insets into the bodywork on the walls of the platforms such as visuals and videos for travellers to learn more about democracy and to participate more in public debate.

The lower portion of the side walls are vertical instead of elliptical, as are the other stations constructed by the Nord-Sud company (today on lines 12 and 13).