The Assembly met once a year to elect the executive body, the Jewish National Council,[1] which was responsible for education, local government, welfare, security and defense.

[1] Under the British Mandate, the Yishuv (Jewish community), established a network of political and administrative institutions, among them the Assembly of Representatives.

[3] To ensure that small groups were properly represented, a system of proportional representation was introduced.

The first elections were held on 19 April 1920, and the largest faction, Ahdut HaAvoda, won only 70 of the Assembly's 314 seats.

[1] The second elections were held in 1925, and following the passing of the Religious Communities Organisation Ordinance in 1926, the Assembly was recognised by the British authorities in 1928.