At one time considered an "endangered species",[1] conservation efforts have had some success and the largest subpopulation in Pakistan may now exceed 1000 individuals.

It seldom goes above the tree line; in summer it feeds largely on grasses and leaves but in winter it mainly browses on shrubs and woody material.

The goats are hunted by snow leopards, wolves and lynx, and the kids may fall prey to golden eagles.

Even where the animal is protected by legislation as in Afghanistan, poaching takes place and the ban on hunting is not enforced.

[1] These three areas are planned to be combined to create the Kazinag National Park in order to protect the Astor markhor and other mammals such as the snow leopard and the Himalayan brown bear.