Astyanax chaparae, sometimes called the Chapare tetra, is a small species of freshwater fish only found in Bolivia.

Astyanax chaparae was first described by American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler in 1943, as one of various nomenclatural acts performed based upon a zoological expedition to Bolivia.

This is thought to lie in the large, shield-like scales of type species Astyanax argentatus, but the reasoning was not made clear in the original text.

[7] Astyanax chaparae lacks a common name that is widely accepted,[8] but the name "Chapare tetra" has been suggested based on the type locality.

[10] Astyanax chaparae was originally collected from the Río Chapare in Bolivia, which is a tributary of the Mamoré River;[10] it is endemic to the region.

[1] The Rio Chapare, which is the type locality of A. chaparae, is occupied by an indigenous group - the Yuracare people - that use the riparian forest's resources in such a way to act as conservators rather than consumers, which offers something of a buffer for aquatic species like A.