Atatürk's Main Principles

[5] At the same time, Atatürk entrusted the republic to the Turkish youth and tried to ensure that the country was in constant renewal, industrialization, and modernization.

Ali Suavi, Namık Kemal and other Young Ottomans demanded a regime that would limit the sultan's authority, especially with the influence of the American and French revolutions.

Especially during the reign of Abdul Hamid II, in which the views of French philosophers spread widely among the Young Turks.

[citation needed] It was especially possible for the idea of a republic to find the opportunity to develop in the period following the First World War.

On the other hand, looking at the reports of the nationalist meetings in 1919, it can be said that the independence struggle was influenced by Atatürk's republican ideas from the very beginning.

[6] However, due to the strong loyalty to the sultanate and caliphate, Atatürk and those who thought like him had to wait to bring their ideas to life.

[8] In the 66th article of the 1982 Constitution, which reflects Atatürk's nationalism, "Everyone who is bound to the Turkish State by citizenship is a Turk.

[3] According to the principle of populism, no one can gain superiority over others in terms of religion, race, sect or money when judged before the law.

[citation needed] According to Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Kemalist populism wanted to strengthen the poorest and most uneducated segment of the society and to ensure social solidarity.

[14] During the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz, some Ottoman intellectuals, especially Ali Suavi, were influenced by the Narodnik movement in Russia and began to deal with the problems of the people.

This understanding began to change after World War I. Ziya Gökalp concluded, under the influence of Durkheim, that class conflict was bad, and shortly after the Soviet Revolution in 1918, opposed it and defended populism against it.

The aim of populism is to suppress stratification or class differences and instead to create a social structure of professional groups in solidarity with each other.

[17] Although populism is a principle that is quickly adopted, after World War II, it remained largely in the background during the rapid industrialization and capitalistization process.

In addition, it enables the individual to protect his/her freedom of religion by leaving the religious affairs to one's conscience.

The stages of laicization in Turkey are as follows: Etatism envisages the regulation of the general economic activities of the country, and the entry of the state into areas necessitated by national interests.

Atatürk's etatism principle: What is necessary for a contemporary and modern order that Turkish society wants to achieve is the strengthening and nationalization of the economy.

During the administration and protection of the country, the things we just counted are more important than cannons, rifles and all kinds of weapons.

It helps poor elderly, disabled and incurable patients, postpartum women, large families, and children in need.

Private institutions in the same position, such as the Red Crescent, child protection, charity associations for the poor, also help.

The opening of hospitals by the state and the acceptance of some of them free of charge by the decision of the local government are among the services provided by the social aid institution.

"[22] Atatürk stated the purpose of this principle as: "In summary, while keeping the etatism, individual labor and work that we follow as the basis, it is to keep the state personally concerned, especially in the economic field, in the affairs required by the general and high interests of the nation, in order to bring the nation to wealth and the country to public works in as little time as possible.

This principle is a Turkish nationalist understanding of revolutionism that clearly denies elitism and attaches great importance to integrating with the people and thus democratic methods.

But Kemalism is not satisfied with this, it also constantly describes reformism as openness to innovations and changes and opposes stereotypes.

One of Atatürk's main goals was not being under the control of other powers, and being able to act in the communities formed together with other states as required by Turkey's national interests.

For Atatürk, full independence should be realized in "political, financial, economic, judicial, military, cultural and other matters".

The basis of Kemalist modernization is full independence as a state, sovereignty as a nation, and rights and freedoms as individuals.

2252 on May 31, 1933, which included higher schools, was an important step in the development of science in Turkey in the first years of the Republic.

On the first day the Turkish Grand National Assembly began to convene, Atatürk stated that all power is in the people's hands.