The state was founded by Raja Niladri Bebarta Patnaik in 1178 and had its capital in Athgarh (Athagad) town.

Athgarh is alleged to have originally extended on the east as far as Parganas Cuttack and Dalijora, on the west up to Tigria princely state, on the north from Kapilas to Gobindpur, Baldiaband, Nadiali, Krishnaprasad and Pachimeshwar temple and on the south to Banki, Dompara, Matri and Patia.

[6] The independence movement also witnessed a widespread agitation of the public against the Raja of Athgarh as Raja Radhanath Patnaik is said to have spent 10 percent of the total income of the state in purchasing motor cars and aeroplanes.

[8] During the British Raj, Athgarh was one of the Feudatory States of Orissa and acceded to India following the independence of India when the last ruler Raja Radhanath Bebarta Patnaik signed the accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1948.

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