Founded in 1897, the organisation is responsible for administering a sport with over 16,000 registered athletes, coaches and officials.

In 1928, New Zealand broke away to form its own national body, leaving what was known as the Amateur Athletics Union of Australia (AAU).

Induction is at the discretion of Australian Athletics' Special Awards Committee.

[6] The association also provides co-ordination, guidance, and support to member associations and affiliates, which govern athletics in their respective states, territories or jurisdictions (e.g. Paralympic athletics).

[7] A number of committees and commissions specialise in areas such as race walking, coaching and anti-doping.