The classic clinical triad of Biliary atresia is acholic stools, and dark urine, jaundice, and hepatomegaly.
[3] The initial treatment is surgical, with the obliterated extrahepatic bile duct resected and a hepatoportoenterostomy created.
[4] Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital disease characterized by segmental or lobar emphysema and, in some cases, mucoid impaction.
[5] Choanal atresia (CA) is a rare but well-known condition marked by the anatomical closure of the posterior choanae in the nasal cavity.
CA presents clinically in a variety of ways, ranging from acute airway obstruction to chronic recurrent sinusitis, depending on whether it is unilateral, bilateral, or paired with other coexisting airway abnormalities, as is common in individuals who have CHARGE syndrome and craniofacial anomalies.
In patients with proper nasal preparation, a CT of the sinuses with 2-5 mm cuts provides a definitive evaluation.
[7] Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is the most common birth defect of the esophagus.
[8] Although environmental effects and genetic factors have been documented, the causes of EA remain largely unknown.
[10] Follicular atresia refers to the process in which a follicle fails to develop, thus preventing it from ovulating and releasing an egg.
It primarily affects male babies and is associated with severe oligohydramnios, polycystic kidney, bilateral renal agenesis, and obstructive uropathy during the middle gestational weeks.
Premature birth, breech presentation, atypical facial appearance, and limb malformations are other distinguishing characteristics.
[18] Renal agenesis occurs when the ureteric bud doesn't fuse with the metanephric blastema during embryogenesis, leading to the nephron and, in some cases, the ureter being absent.
[21] Vaginal atresia is a birth defect that causes uterovaginal outflow tract obstruction.
The anomaly is frequently undetected until adolescence, when primary amenorrhea or abdominal pain caused by an obstructed uterovaginal tract leads to a diagnostic evaluation.