The two-story northbound and southbound station buildings, now private businesses, were built during a grade crossing elimination project in 1906-1908 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The project removed 13 grade crossings and made the line four tracks through Attleboro - one of the few locations east of New Haven where the railroad completed quadruple-tracking plans.

In April 1979, off-peak MBTA service to Providence was cut back to Attleboro due to a reduction in subsidy from the state of Rhode Island.

On January 16, 1989, the MBTA began a $990k renovation project, which included the installation of mini-high platforms to make the station accessible.

[18] The Attleboro Intermodal Transportation Center was opened on November 7, 2013 to provide better connections between local bus and commuter rail services.

The facility includes dedicated busways and a waiting room located on the west side of the railroad viaduct.

[19] A 1.7 miles (2.7 km) section of non-electrified platform sidings at Attleboro, not included in the initial Amtrak electrification, was scheduled to be electrified in mid-2022 to support future electric MBTA operations.

[20][21] As of 2024[update], transit oriented development with up to 600 housing units is planned to replace the surface parking lots west of the station.