Augustów Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire.

It was created in 1837 from the Augustów Voivodship, and had the same borders and capital (Suwałki) as the voivodship.

In 1867 territories of the Augustów Governorate and the Płock Governorate were divided into a smaller Płock Governorate, Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and recreated Łomża Governorate.

It was divided into 7 powiats: After 1918, the southern one-third of the governorate was included in Poland, the rest falling to Lithuania.