Augusta is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States.

In 1868, C. N. James settled in the area and built a log cabin to serve also as a general store and trading post.

[8] The rail line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

[9] The original branch line connected Florence, Burns, De Graff, El Dorado, Augusta, Douglass, Rock, Akron, Winfield, Arkansas City.

In 2020, the Santa Fe (now BNSF) still maintains tracks through Augusta at the 301 E. Fifth St. headquarters, a brick depot constructed in 1916–1917.

[10] The St. Louis & San Francisco (Frisco) Railroad established a depot in Augusta in 1880, serving both passengers and freight.

[12] Oil drilling and refining became a major source of employment for many years.

In 1916, L. L. Marcell founded the White Eagle Oil Company in Augusta.

[13] In 1930, White Eagle was purchased by the Standard Oil Company of New York and was known as "Socony-Vacuum" for many years, then renamed Mobil in 1966.

[14] In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed about 1.5 miles west of Augusta, north to south through Butler County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).

[17] The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

[18] The 2020 United States census counted 9,256 people, 3,670 households, and 2,423 families in Augusta.

29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The community is served by Augusta USD 402 public school district.

James Log Cabin are on the National Register of Historic Places.