Augusta Dorothea of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (16 December 1666 in Wolfenbüttel – 11 July 1751 at Augustenburg Castle in Arnstadt) was a daughter of the Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and his wife Juliane of Holstein-Norburg.

The couple resided in Arnstadt; the marriage remained childless.

She spent her long widowhood at Augustenburg Castle in Arnstadt, building her famous dolls collection Mon Plaisir.

These dolls were never intended as toys; they represent society in the style of a baroque Cabinet of curiosities.

Augustenburg castle no longer exists; her doll collection has been moved to the New Palace in Arnstadt.