Augusta Triumphans

Augusta Triumphans: or, the Way to Make London the Most Flourishing City in the Universe by Daniel Defoe was first published on 16 March 1728.

[3] In particular, he fosters the establishment of a university, an academy of music, a hospital for foundlings and licensed institutions for the treatment of mental diseases.

[10]"Projecting heads", that is to say individuals who create schemes for social improvement, are invited to make proposals without fearing to be ridiculed.

[12] It would prevent many mothers from freeing themselves of their illegitimate offspring through abortion or abandonment in parishes which do not offer them decent living conditions.

[15] Secondly, it denounces certain social evils: prostitution, gambling, and a series of dissolute manners to spend one's free time on Sunday such as alcohol misuse.

[18] They include moral education and the introduction of a competent and paid body of watchmen as well as an adequate system of street lighting at night.

Andrew Moreton begins with rejecting his initial idea of founding a London university composed of "only a hall or public room".

[21] Rather, "it should be a large house or inn, in the nature of a college, with store of convenient rooms for gentlemen, not only to study separately, but wherein to lodge their books, for it would be most inconvenient to lug them backwards and forwards".

[20] He then expands his "discourse on madhouses", particularly by offering a suggestion to impede the unjust confinement of widows or other women who find themselves with a fortune and no male guidance.

[22] In order to prevent them from becoming victims of greedy and manipulatory "strangers", the nearest male relative should succeed the deceased gentleman in the management of the estate.

[24] The theme of human capability to project is touched upon at the beginning of Augusta Triumphans when Andrew Moreton briefly comments on "schemists".

[27] In Augusta Triumphans, Andrew Moreton promotes the foundation of a university, an academy of music and a hospital for foundlings.

[10] Secondly, by daily returning to their family's quarter, they contribute to the cultural flourish of London society;[28] they can spread the academic knowledge they acquire through conversation.

[28] Overall, the privileged beneficiary of this plan is the gentry[29] whose residential areas are included in the list of places where Moreton advises establishing colleges: Westminster, St. James and Ormond Street.

[12] This would prevent many mothers from getting rid of their illegitimate offspring through abortion or abandoning them in parishes which are incapable of offering them adequate shelter.

Some dissipated the money which was supposed to be spent on the support of children;[35] others were accused of entrusting orphans to the care of dishonest nurses [36] selected on the basis of the cheapness of the service they provided.

[35] Lastly, Defoe's fictitious speaker fosters the establishment of an academy of music "to prevent the expensive importation of foreign musicians & c.".

[37] He points out that the then existing Italian opera, which is financed by upper class lovers of this art, is "improperly called academy" in that it just hires costly foreign musicians.

[38] It does not encourage the "propagation of science, by training up persons thereto from younger to riper years, under the instruction and inspection of proper artists".

[46] Procurers could take the advantage of "the custom of mistresses to meet the wagons which brought country girls to London in order to find and engage servants".

[50] In the light of this, he suggests substituting them with "licensed madhouses" which are "subject to proper visitation and inspection" and where nobody can be "sent [...] without due reason, inquiry, and authority".

[55] In the essay At the Limits of Liberty: Married Women and Confinement in eighteenth-century England (2002), she argues that husbands' detention of their spouses in family dwellings and madhouses had become a new form of conjugal violence.

[56] The last scheme of Andrew Moreton aims to prevent street robbery "first by heavenly, and then by earthly means".

Throughout the 18th-century, large numbers of Englishmen denounced what they saw as the high degree of social immorality and the difficulty of prosecuting victimless offences.

[64] Later their members shifted their attention to teaching religious and moral values through the delivery of sermons and the production and distribution of pamphlets.

As J. M. Beattie explains, several changes were made to the urban environment of London for the purpose of improving aspects such as paving and the availability of drinkable water.

[73] Plans were also made to improve street lighting which, compared to other issues, was considered of the utmost importance to prevent crime.

[73] By rendering places visible to both pedestrians and part-time officers, life was made difficult for felons and this point was highlighted in petitions to Parliament.

Beer Street and Jin Lane (1751) by William Hogarth
Thomas Coram in front of his Hospital with an Infant by J. Brooke (1751), after B. Nebot (1741)
A Harlot's Progress , Plate 1 (1732), etching an engraving by William Hogarth
In the Madhouse - Plate 8 in A Rake's Progress (1735) by William Hogarth
The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn - plate 11 and The Industrious 'Prentice Mayor of London - plate 12 in Industry and Idleness (1747) by William Hogarth