He studied at first in the preparatory seminary at Nantes, then entered the grand séminaire and was ordained to the secular priesthood at the usual age.
After three years of parochial work in his native city, he entered the Society of Jesus in Italy, on 27 November 1835, whence he returned to France in 1837 to pursue a course of scientific studies at the Sorbonne under Ampère and others.
He landed in the United States on 18 December 1838, and was called to the chair of chemistry at St. Mary's College, Kentucky, where he became rector in 1846.
After spending another year at Fordham, he was assigned to St. Francis Xavier's parish, New York, where he passed the rest of his days.
[1] Thébaud wrote a series of books on religious and historical subjects and published, besides numerous articles in the "Catholic World" and the "Catholic Quarterly Review", two novels, Louisa Kirkbride: A Tale of New York (1879), and The Twit Twats: A Christmas Allegorical Story of Birds (1881).