Aulus Caecina Severus

At the conclusion of one hard-fought battle he famously routed the army of Arminius, who seven years earlier had destroyed three Roman legions.

[6] For the next two years he continued to fight the rebels in Illyricum, inflicting another defeat on them in 8 AD as they attempted to prevent him from marching to link up in Pannonia with Germanicus, the heir of Augustus' successor, Tiberius.

[7] Around 14 AD, Caecina was the legate in charge of the legions along the lower Rhine frontier in Gallia Belgica (what would later become Germania Inferior), under the overall command of Germanicus.

He initially made no move to stop the disorder from spreading, and when centurions sought his protection, he agreed, albeit reluctantly, to hand them over to the legionaries to be tortured and killed.

[11] When Germanicus arrived at Oppidum Ubiorum, he sent Caecina to Castra Vetera (Xanten), where the mutinous legions V Alaudae and XXI Rapax were stationed.

Determined to make an example of them, he ordered Caecina to announce to the troops that unless they punished the principal troublemakers, he would come in with a larger army and execute a large number of soldiers at random.

Caecina discussed the situation with men he could trust, and they agreed to obey his orders and kill the mutiny's ringleaders before Germanicus arrived.

[13] Hearing that Arminius had gathered together a large coalition of forces, Germanicus sent Caecina with forty cohorts towards the Ems as a diversionary tactic, ravaging the countryside as he marched.

Caecina was sent in advance to scout the route, as well as build bridges and causeways so that the army could cross the numerous areas of marshland.

[15] After fighting an indecisive battle with Arminius, Germanicus ordered Caecina to take his original forces and march back to the Rhine.

Caecina, trying to hold the front line against the Germans, had his horse killed under him, and he only survived due to the timely intervention of the First Legion.

[20] In the morning, with Caecina having stiffened his army's morale, the Romans managed to defeat the Germans attacking the camp and caused them to flee the battlefield.

His speech was frequently interrupted by other senators, who observed that this was not the point of the current debate, and that Caecina was not qualified to act in the role of censor in such a matter.

Germanicus' campaign of 14 AD
Roman provinces at the time of Caecina
Imperial provinces
Senatorial provinces
Italy
Map of the Lower (northern) Germanic limes showing the legionary camps and forts in Germania Inferior.