The song tells the story of a woman who laments to the birds in her father's garden that her husband is a prisoner in Holland.
It appeared during or soon after the Franco-Dutch War (1672–78), during the reign of Louis XIV, when French sailors and soldiers were commonly imprisoned in the Netherlands.
The song's quick pace and lively melody made it well-suited to military marches, and it is still commonly played at parades.
For the same reasons, it gained widespread popularity as a drinking song and nursery rhyme.
A local tradition attributes the composition to André Joubert du Collet.