[7] Tchouaméni made his first team debut for Bordeaux in a 1–0 UEFA Europa League away win to Latvian side Ventspils in the second qualifying round on 26 July 2018, starting the match and playing 89 minutes.

[12] On 11 June 2022, it was announced that Tchouaméni would be transferred to La Liga side Real Madrid on 1 July 2022, signing a six-year contract with the club.

[16] On 30 September 2023, Tchouaméni scored his first goal for Los Blancos, netting a header in Madrid's 3–0 league away win over Girona.

[18] On 1 September, he made his international debut in a 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifying game against Bosnia and Herzegovina replacing Thomas Lemar in the 46th minute.

He was one of two French players to miss in the penalty shootout as France lost to Argentina at the Lusail Stadium, Qatar.