Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games was represented by Australian Commonwealth Games Association the (ACGA), and abbreviated AUS.

Athletes from Australia were given automatic qualification in all sports due to the host status.

Australia entered the Melbourne Games as a strong favourite to win the medal tally after having won 207 medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester compared to England's 165 and Canada's 116.

Jane Saville bore Australia's flag at the opening ceremony, while Leisel Jones bore the flag during the closing ceremony.

* – Indicates the athlete competed in preliminaries but not the final relay.