United States Army Military Government in KoreaRight-wing groups: John R. Hodge Pak Hon-yongKim Jae-bongKang Dal-young The Autumn Uprising of 1946, also called the 10.1 Daegu Uprising of 1946 (Korean: 대구 10·1 사건; Hanja: 大邱 10·1 事件) was a peasant uprising in South Korea against the policies of the United States Army Military Government in Korea headed by General John R. Hodge and in favor of restoration of power to the people's committees that made up the People's Republic of Korea.

[1] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Korea uses a neutral name, the Daegu October Incident.

On October 1, a protest by strikers in Daegu was fired on by police and a railway worker named Kim Yong-Tae was killed.

The following day thousands of protestors, including high school and college students, carried his body through the city streets despite police attempts to halt them.

[2][3] The uprising started in Busan, and eventually spread to Seoul, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollanam-do.

Further demands expressed during the uprising were for better working conditions, higher wages, larger rice ration, and the right to organize.

The United States Military Government sought to mobilize strike-breakers, police, right-wing youth groups.

[7] The defeat of the uprising is considered to be a turning point in establishing political control over Korea as the people's committees and the National Council of Korean Labour Unions were weakened in the suppression.

[8][9] To the Americans, the Autumn Harvest Rebellion added new urgency to the effort to find some formula for unifying the two occupation zones of Korea under an elected government.

[1] Some victims were arrested and tortured, then police and extreme right wing groups damaged or confiscated their homes and property.

From the perspective of asserting the agitation and initiative of the Communist Party of Korea, it is sometimes referred to as the October riot.

The forces of the Communist Party of Korea of Pak Hon-yong(Hangul:: 박헌영, Hanja:朴憲永) adopted more extreme methods, called 'new tactics'[15] saying, "I will fight against USAMGIK".

The USAMGIK attempted to use the national police and anti-communist youth groups to crush the strike, but there was an unexpected situation here.

[14] However, on the evening of October 1, during a protest in front of the Daegu Metropolitan City Hall to prepare countermeasures against hunger, civilians named Hwang Mal-Yong and Kim Jong-Tae were shot and killed when the police fired.

[15] The next morning, October 2 when they heard that two civilians were shot and killed by the police firing, workers began to gather in the city, and ordinary citizens and students joined the protests.

Surrounded by a crowd of about 10,000 people, the chief of the Daegu Police Department declared himself disarmed and handed the keys to the detention center to release political prisoners.

Workers under the control of the leadership of the Korean Communist Party tried to take the police power in an orderly manner.

[15] The crowd robbed the rich and the homes of the former pro-Japanese, brought necessities and food, piled them up on the street, and distributed them to people in need.

The reason why the policemen were assaulted or killed was that most of them were pro-Japanese police, who have harassed Koreans since the Japanese colonial period.

Afterward, in the process of suppressing civilian protests in the Gyeongbuk region, the conflict expanded nationwide and continued until the end of 1946.

Incidents in the Gyeongbuk region unfolded using various strengths (classified as non-occurring/low strength/medium strength/high strength/maximum strength) and tactics (first strike, raid on police station, use of market day, use of balance of power between political and ideological forces, use of rice paddy area with high ripple), followed by harsh retaliation by the police.

[25] However, unlike other regions, the September general strike was very passive and moderate, and even during the October incident, there were decentralized and isolated events.

[13] On October 17, a police station was attacked in Dangjin, occupying public facilities, cutting communication lines, and blasting bridges.

However, in front of the Christian Youth Hall, the crowd was disbanded by the mass fire of the armed police, and a boxer passing by was murdered.

[15] Between October 29 to November 4, a large-scale uprising took place in the north-central region of Jeollanam-do, centered on Naju and Hwasun.

As a result, several people involved in various anti-communist right-wing organizations, including the Korean National Youth Association, the White Shirts Society, and the Northwest Youth League, inflicted repeatedly terrorism or property damage on the grounds of arresting the leftists who participated in the protests.

[35] The Left-right Coalition Movement put forward Yangbi theory (양비론), which was caused by the opposition to the police.

[36] Kim Kyu-sik urged them to refrain from saying, 'These actions will only hinder independence by undermining the prestige of the Korean people internationally.

As the fighting area was widespread and the US military and police were dispersed, the youth and other right-wing were actively mobilized for suppression.

The ROK-US joint talks revealed that the cause of the uprising was people's hostility toward the police, the existence of chinilpa within the military government, corruption of some Korean officials, and agitation that hindered South Korea's maximum welfare.