Ayacuchos

The group of military that the anti-sparterist opposition called in a derogatory tone as the "ayacuchos" has its origin in the relations that the chiefs and officers under the orders of General José de la Serna, of liberal ideas, maintained during their stay in Peru.

Thus, the State was unable to face the economic cost of an army with an inflated staff, which the republican Fernando Garrido [es] defined some years later as "the most expensive in the world".

[6] He also encouraged the creation of a corporatist and militarist discourse through the newspapers with such significant names as El Grito del Ejército, or El Archivo militar, which he even wrote in his issue of September 30, 1841:[7] We cannot and do not want to say: the State is us, but we will say: the homeland, or if you please, the purest part of the homeland is us.In the Restoration period, characterized by civilian predominance, the gravitation of the military and its special relationship with the king (Alfonso XII, who was trained at the English Royal Academy of Sandhurst; and Alfonso XIII) was an essential characteristic of the political system, which surfaced at critical moments such as the scandal of the Cu-Cut!

[citation needed] Military pronunciamientos continued, first in favor of the Republic (Jaca uprising) and then against it (Sanjurjada), until the conspiracy led by General Mola that triggered the Spanish Civil War, after which the prolonged Franco regime (1936-1975) was established.

[citation needed] The sabre rattling during the Spanish Transition was a constantly present element, which only materialized in the coup d'état attempts, the most spectacular of which was the 23 F. Also decisive was the role of the military democrats in different governments (Gutiérrez Mellado and Sáenz de Santamaría [es]).