On November 14, 1920, after the invasion of the Red Army and the establishment of the fledgling Azerbaijan SSR, the new government decreed that Baku Polytechnicum would close and be replaced by Baku Polytechnical Institute, a more traditional polytechnic institute and the beginnings of the current incarnation.

In 1952, the government founded a separate Azerbaijan Polytechnical Institute and moved much of the non-petrochemical curricula to the new school so that Az.I.I.

On March 21, 1992, after the independence of Azerbaijan from the Soviet Union, the university changed its name to the current ASOIU.

In 1993, the school changed its curricula into a more Western model, with its first bachelor's and master's degree candidates graduating in 1999.

The university is run by a management body of prorectors, supervised by the Scientific Council and the rector Vazeh Asgarov.

[7] The Academy has its own sports complex with swimming pool, tennis courts and all-weather football pitch.

The "Neftçi" (~"Oilers") run teams in 12 sports including football, swimming, handball, basketball, athletics, judo, boxing and wrestling.

[10] ASOIU's international relations are developed in the following areas:[4] In 2015, by the presidential decree, the French-Azerbaijan University (UFAZ) was established.

[14] On January 26, 2018, rector of ASOIU and Ambassador of Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan Mekan Ishanguliyev held a meeting.