[1] Instruments used in traditional Azerbaijani music include the stringed instruments tar (skin faced lute), the kamancha (skin faced spike fiddle), the oud, originally barbat, and the saz (long necked lute); the double-reed wind instrument balaban, the frame drum ghaval, the cylindrical double faced drum nagara (davul), and the goshe nagara (naqareh) (pair of small kettle drums).
Other instruments include the garmon (small accordion), tutek (whistle flute), and daf (frame drum).
[2] Instruments can be played individually, in an improvisational manner, in ensembles, during traditional ceremonies and folk dances.
[3] The main stringed instruments are tar and kamancha, which are the part of the national music mugham.
In the twentieth century Azerbaijani musician Mirza Sadigh (also known as Sadighjan) made some changes by increasing number of strings to18.
In order to strengthen the sound effects, he reduced the depth of the body part by flattening the sides.
[9] In 2009, Azerbaijani ashik music was included in the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
[10] Naghara is cylinder shaped instrument played with hands or sticks and made of membrane or leather of animals.
[8] Classical mugham instrument ghaval (also called daf) is shallow round shaped drum.