He was arrested by USSR Red Army troops in 1945 and sentenced to death, but released and served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary February 7, 1946 – July 3, 1947.

Varga emigrated to the United States in 1947, where he worked as a priest in New York City, but returned to his native country in 1990 shortly after the Communist Party lost power in 1989, at which point Hungary moved from a one-party socialist state towards a multi-party democracy.

In February 1989, the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) agreed to introduce a pluralist political system and in May 1989, the barbed wire fence along Hungary's border was taken down which led to the fall of the Iron Curtain.

Once he returned to Hungary, Béla Varga was welcomed as a respected elder statesman, and he focused mainly on public and political engagement.

He also reconnected with Hungarian political and religious groups and then lived a quiet life in Veszprém, until his death in 1995.