In 1995, Poletti entered politics by being elected municipal councilor (RPR) of Charleville-Mézières on the list of opposition led by Philippe Mathot (UDF-PR).

[10] Poletti filed in November 2011 a draft law allowing better access to contraception especially for minors, and to voluntary termination of pregnancy.

In 2014, she tabled a law proposal to strengthen the control of sick leave and reintroduce the day of absence in the public service; and she's writing a report on home-based jobs.

In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Poletti endorsed Bruno Le Maire as the party's candidate for the office of President of France.

[12] In July 2019, Poletti voted against the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.