Pak Chiwŏn (Korean: 박지원; Hanja: 朴趾源; 1737–1805), styled Yeonam (연암; 燕巖; lit.

Pak Chiwŏn belonged to the "School of Profitable Usage and Benefiting the People" (이용후생파; 利用厚生派; Iyong Husaengpa) to promote the industrialization of his country and the development of trade by positively introducing western technologies to Joseon Korea.

Pak Chiwŏn proposed that Joseon import advanced technologies from the Qing dynasty, and promote mercantilism.

[1] The scholars Bak Jega, Yu Deukgong and Yi Deokmu [ko] were influenced by Pak Chiwŏn.

He argued that the world is objectively real, from celestial bodies to all things, and that everything in the universe is created in the process of the particle of dust and movement and change.